Significance of Orientation and Refresher Course for New Employees

Integrating employees into your unique work culture cannot end with merely hiring them. Employees come with several apprehensions about their career in the new company. They will be anxious about your policies, procedures, work culture and, most importantly – your other employees. There are several advantages of a well-conducted employee orientation program.

It makes your employees feel valued: Employee orientation is an opportunity to convey that you value your employees and their services. This keeps them interested in the company and their positions.

It helps you reduce start up time and cost: A properly planned orientation program helps you educate the employees on your policies, procedures, and work culture. Besides, you can also convey your expectations so that the new employees get to learn the work and give you the required dividends. Thus, you can reduce the learning time and the associated costs. Otherwise, your managers would have to spend their time in teaching work procedures.

It boosts Productivity and Retention: Orientation plays a crucial role in eliminating initial confusion and increasing the speed to perform the job as per expectations. Since you make it clear in the very beginning what you expect of the employees, they start working towards that goal from the beginning. When what your employees do and what you target are in the same line, it will be easy for you evaluate their performances and reward them accordingly. This not only enhances the employees’ productivity but also their job satisfaction. Satisfied employees are more likely to stick to the company for a long time.

In spite of its invaluable benefits for organizations, employee orientation is a much-neglected strategy. Many organizations treat it as an HR process which includes briefing the new hires about their business, values, history, and employee policies. Orientation ends up being nothing more than a program that introduces new hires to their reporting managers and colleagues, many a time within their own departments. This can cost the company dearly in the form of resource wastage and employee productivity since employees attempt to learn the actual work through a trial and error method.

Sometimes, small organizations avoid conducting orientation programs because these take the employees away from work for a long time and the organization cannot afford it. However, they can handle this problem by planning the orientation program in such a way that it goes alongside regular work. They could divide the orientation program into different segments and conduct them in harmony. In the process, they can use online learning resources wherever possible.

A well-planned and executed orientation is required to keep your employees motivated right from the start. Less satisfied employees are more likely to quit. It is, therefore, your responsibility to alleviate all the fears that your new employees undergo, through proper orientation. This facilitates their getting comfortable with the new workplace and focusing on their job faster. So plan your program well.

REFRESHER COURSE

In every academic discipline, there has been a knowledge explosion. A   college/university teacher has to continuously update his knowledge in his chosen field of   expertise, or run the risk of becoming totally outdated in the very short period of time. In light of this the objectives of the refresher courses of three week duration are as follows:

·         to provide opportunities for in-service teachers to exchange experiences  with their peers and facilitate mutual learning;

·         to provide a forum for serving teachers to keep abreast of the latest advances in specific subjects;

·         to create the culture of learning and self improvement amongst lecturers;

·         to provide opportunities to further widen the knowledge to pursue research studies;

·         to introduce and enlighten them on new methods and techniques of imparting knowledge so that the participants can in turn develop their own innovative models of teaching.

As far as eligibility is concerned, participation in an orientation programme is a pre-requisite for admission to refresher course. A gap of one year is required after it. Also, there should be a minimum gap of one year between two refresher courses.  A refresher course may be permitted even during teacher fellowship provided the refresher course is in the subject, which is relevant to the teacher’s research and no extension in the teacher fellowship is sought for on this ground.

In case sufficient number of candidates is not available in a particular subject with a particular ASC in a specific subject, it may exchange participants with another ASC, which has been allotted the same subject by the UGC so as to ensure the optimum number of participants in a course. All subject refreshers are to be conducted through the UGC-ASCs and UGC-RCCs. While organizing refresher courses, the faculties of the concerned department are fully involved.

The department actually conducting the refresher course is responsible for evolving the course curriculum in consultation with the Director of the host ASC. The course coordinator contributes in preparing high quality course material after discussion and consultation with outside eminent experts and academician of repute. Thus, an up to date course curriculum and reading material is prepared, in pace with the advancements and development in the concerned subject. The course is so prepared that the content has essential percentage of core material in the subject discipline along with the required percentage of areas of emergence and priority, essential laboratory and practical component, computer application with relevant advancement to the subject discipline.

At the end of the refresher course the participants who have got the required grades, successfully completing the course are awarded the course certificate duly endorsed with the grade acquired.

Bahadur Shah Zafar, born (Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar), on 24 October 1775 – died 7 November 1862

Bahadur Shah II, better known as Bahadur Shah Zafar, born Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar), on 24 October 1775  – died 7 November 1862) was the last Mughal emperor and a member of the Timurid Dynasty. Zafar was the son of Akbar Shah II and Lalbai, who was a Hindu Rajput, and became Mughal Emperor when his father died on 28 September 1837. He used Zafar, a part of his name, meaning “victory”, as a nom de plume (takhallus) as an Urdu poet and wrote many Urdu ghazals under it. After his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the British tried and then exiled him from Delhi and sent him to Rangoon in then-British-controlled Burma.

Zafar's father, Akbar Shah II, ruled over a rapidly disintegrating empire between 1806 and 1837. It was during his time that the East India Company dispensed with the illusion of ruling in the name of the Mughal monarch and removed his name from the Persian texts that appeared on the coins struck by the company in the areas under their control.

Zafar was not his father’s preferred choice as his successor. One of Akbar Shah's queens, Mumtaz Begum, had been pressuring him to declare her son Mirza Jahangir as his successor. The East India Company exiled Jahangir after he attacked their resident, Archibald Seton, in the Red Fort.

Bahadur Shah Zafar presided over a Mughal empire that barely extended beyond Delhi's Red Fort. The East India Company was the dominant political and military power in mid-nineteenth century India. Outside Company controlled India, hundreds of kingdoms and principalities, from the large to the small, fragmented the land. The emperor in Delhi was paid some respect by the Company and allowed a pension, the authority to collect some taxes, and to maintain a small military force in Delhi, but he posed no threat to any power in India. Bahadur Shah himself did not take an interest in statecraft or possess any imperial ambitions. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him from Delhi.

Bahadur Shah Zafar was a noted Urdu poet, and wrote a large number of Urdu ghazals. While some part of his opus was lost or destroyed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, a large collection did survive, and was later compiled into the Kulliyyat-i-Zafar. The court that he maintained, although somewhat decadent and arguably pretentious for someone who was effectively a pensioner of the East India Company, was home to several Urdu writers of high standing, including Mirza Ghalib, Dagh, Mumin, and Zauq.

Even in defeat it is traditionally believed that he said

Ghāzioń méń bū rahegi jab talak imān ki; Takht-e-London tak chalegi tégh Hindustan ki

As long as there remains the scent of faith in the hearts of our Ghazis, so long shall the Talwar of Hindustan flash before the throne of London

Emperor Bahadur Shah is seen by some in India as a freedom fighter (the mutiny soldiers made him their Commander-In-Chief), fighting for India's independence from the Company. As the last ruling member of the imperial Timurid Dynasty he was surprisingly composed and calm when Major Hodson presented decapitated heads of his own sons to him as Nowruz gifts. He is famously remembered to have said.

Praise be to Allah, that descendents of Timur always come in front of their fathers in this way.

On 11 May the regiments that had rebelled at Meerut the previous day reached Delhi and asked for a formal audience with Bahadur Shah that was granted the next day. It was attended by several excited sepoys who treated him familiarly or even disrespectfully.^[5] Although Bahadur Shah was dismayed by the looting and disorder, he gave his public support to the rebellion. On 16 May, sepoys and palace servants killed 52 Europeans who had been held prisoner within the palace or who had been discovered hiding in the city. The killings took place under a peepul tree in front of the palace, despite Bahadur Shah's protests. The avowed aim of the killers was to implicate Bahadur Shah in the killings, making it impossible for him to seek any compromise with the British. Bahadur Shah issued the following decree, a Shahi Firman (King's decree), on 12 May 1857.

To all the Hindus and Muslims of India, taking my duty by the people into consideration at this hour, I have decided to stand by my people. Whoever shows cowardice at this delicate hour, or whoever in innocence will help the cunning English, believing in their promises, he would stand disillusioned very soon. He should remember that the English will pay him for his faithfulness to them in the same manner as they have paid the rulers of Oudh. It is the imperative duty of Hindus and Mussalmans (Muslims) to join the revolt against the English. They should work and be guided by their leaders in their towns and should take steps to restore order in the country. It is the bounden duty of all people that they should, as far as possible, copy out this Firman and display it at all important places in the towns. But before doing so, they should get themselves armed and declare war on the EnglishThe administration of the city and its new occupying army was chaotic, although it continued to function haphazardly. The Emperor nominated his eldest surviving son, Mirza Mughal, to be commander in chief of his forces, but Mirza Mughal had little military experience and was treated with little respect by the sepoys. Nor did the sepoys agree on any overall commander, with each regiment refusing to accept orders from any but their own officers. Although Mirza Mughal made efforts to put the civil administration in order, his writ extended no further than the city.

Bahadur Shah Zafar was a devout Sufi.^[7] Zafar was himself regarded as a Sufi Pir and used to accept murids or pupils.^[7] The loyalist newspaper Delhi Urdu Akhbaar once called him one of the leading saints of the age, approved of by the divine court.^[7] Prior to his accession, in his youth he made it a point to live and look like a poor scholar and dervish, in stark contrast to his three well dressed dandy brothers, Mirza Jahangir, Salim and Babur.^[7] In 1828, when Zafar was 53 and a decade before he succeeded the throne, Major Archer reported, "Zafar is a man of spare figure and stature, plainly apparelled, almost approaching to meanness.^[7] His appearance is that of an indigent munshi or teacher of languages. As a poet and dervish, Zafar imbibed the highest subtleties of mystical Sufi teachings.^[7] At the same time, he was deeply susceptible to the magical and superstitious side of Orthodox Sufism.^[7] Like many of his followers, he believed that his position as both a Sufi pir and emperor gave him tangible spiritual powers.^[7] In an incident in which one of his followers was bitten by a snake, Zafar attempted to cure him by sending a "seal of Bezoar" (a stone antidote to poison) and some water on which he had breathed, and giving it to the man to drink.

The emperor also had a staunch belief in ta'aviz or charms, especially as a palliative for his constant complaint of piles, or to ward off evil spells.^[8] During one period of illness, he gathered a group of Sufi pirs and told them that several of his wives suspected that some party or the other had cast a spell over him.^[8] Therefore, he requested them to take some steps to remedy this so as to remove all apprehension on this account. They replied that they would write off some charms for him. They were to be mixed in water which when drunk would protect him from the evil eye. A coterie of pirs, miracle workers and Hindu astrologers were in constant attendance to the emperor. On their advice, he regularly sacrificed buffaloes and camels, buried eggs and arrested alleged black magicians, in addition to wearing a special ring that cured indigestion. On their advice, he also regularly donated cows to the poor, elephants to the sufi shrines and a horse to the khadims or clergy of Jama Masjid.

Marriage certificate of Bahadur Shah II (r. 1837-57) with Zinat Mahal Begam, on 18 November 1840.Zafar consciously saw his role as a protector of his Hindu subjects, and a moderator of extreme Muslim demands and the intense puritanism of many of the Orthodox Muslim sheikhs of the Ulema.^[9] In one of his verses, Zafar explicitly stated that both Hinduism and Islam shared the same essence.^[9] This syncretic philosophy was implemented by his court which came to cherish and embody a multicultural composite Hindu-Islamic Mughal culture.^[9] For instance, the Hindu elite used to frequently visit the dargah or tomb of the great Sufi pir, Nizam-ud-din Auliya.^[9] They could quote Hafiz and were very fond of Persian poetry.^[9] Their children, especially those belonging to the administrative Khatri and Kayastha castes studied under maulvis and attended the more liberal madrasas, bringing food offerings for their teachers on Hindu festivals.^[9] On the other hand, the emperor's Muslim subjects emulated him in honouring the Hindu holy men, while many in court, including Zafar himself, followed the old Mughal custom, originally borrowed from high class Hindus, of only drinking the water from the Ganges. Zafar and his court used to celebrate Hindu festivals.^[10] During the spring festival of Holi, he would spray his courtiers, wives and concubines with different coloured paints, initiating the celebrations by bathing in the water of seven wells.^[10] The autumn Hindu festival of Dusshera was celebrated in the palace by the distribution of nazrs or presents to Zafar's Hindu officers and the colouring of the horses in the royal stud.^[10] In the evening, Zafar would then watch the Ram Lila processions annually celebrated in Delhi with the burning of giant effigies of Ravana and his brothers.^[10] He even went to the extent of demanding that the route of the procession be changed so that it would skirt the entire flank of the palace, allowing it to be enjoyed in all its glory.^[10] On Diwali, Zafar would weigh himself against seven kinds of grain, gold, coral, etc., and directed their distribution among the city's poor.

He was reputedly known to have profound sensitivities to the feelings of his Hindu subjects.^[10] One evening, when Zafar was riding out across the river for an airing, a Hindu waited on the king and disclosed his wish to become a Muslim. Hakim Ahsanullah Khan, Zafar's prime minister flatly denied this request and the emperor had him removed from his presence.^[10] During the Phulwalon ki Sair or Flower-sellers fair held annually at the ancient Jog Maya Temple and the Sufi dargah of Qutb Sahib, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki in Mehrauli, Zafar declared that he would not accompany the pankah into the shrine as he could not accompany it into the temple.

Closely woven into the history of the last remains of Mughal rule is the history of Zafar Mahal in Mehrauli, a locality of Delhi. Zafar Mahal was originally built by Akbar II, but it was his son, Bahadur Shah Zafar, who constructed the gateway and added to the palace in the mid-nineteenth century. Mehrauli was then a popular venue for hunting parties, picnics and jaunts far away from Delhi, and the dargah was an added attraction. The emperor visited often with his retinue - and stayed in royal style at Zafar Mahal. Another interesting feature of Zafar Mahal is that it literally spans centuries. A plastered dome near the gate is probably 15th century; other sections are relatively newer and show definite signs of Western influences. There is, for instance, a fireplace in one of the walls that stands near the Moti Masjid. And the staircase to the balcony is a wide one with low steps - very unlike the steep, narrow staircases of most Indian Islamic architecture.

The balcony, with its 'jharokha’ windows, is where the emperor and his family could look out over the road. In Bahadurshah’s time, the main Mehrauli-Gurgaon road passed in front of Zafar Mahal, and all passersby were expected to dismount as a sign of respect for the emperor. When the British refused to comply, Bahadurshah solved the problem creatively - he bought the surrounding land and diverted the road so that it would pass well away from Zafar Mahal! The Phool Walon Ki Sair gradually turned into a major three day celebration during the time when Bahadur Shah Zafar, son and successor to Akbar Shah Saani ruled from Delhi. Zafar used to move his court to a building adjacent to the Shrine of Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki and stayed at Mehrauli for a week during the celebrations. The building where he stayed during the period was originally built by his father and Zafar added an impressive gate and a Baaraadari to the structure and renamed it Zafar Mahal.

The celebrations spread out in different parts of Mehrauli with the Jahaz Mahal, (a Lodhi period structure, that was once in the middle of the Hauz-e-Shamsi but is now at one end of the much depleted Hauz, becoming a center where Qawwali mehfils would be organised while the Jharna, built by Firoz Shah Tughlaq and later added to by Akbar Shah II became a place where the women of the court relaxed. As the Indian rebellion of 1857 spread, Sepoy regiments seized Delhi. Seeking a figure that could unite all Indians, Hindu and Muslim alike, most rebelling Indian kings and the Indian regiments accepted Zafar as the Emperor of India.,^[11] under whom the smaller Indian kingdoms would unite until the British were defeated. Zafar was the least threatening and least ambitious of monarchs, and the legacy of the Mughal Empire was more acceptable a uniting force to most allied kings than the domination of any other Indian kingdom.

On 12 May, Bahadur Shah held his first formal audience for several years. It was attended by several excited sepoys who treated him familiarly or even disrespectfully.^[5] Although Bahadur Shah was dismayed by the looting and disorder, he gave his public support to the rebellion. On 16 May, sepoys and palace servants killed 52 Europeans who had been held prisoner within the palace or who had been discovered hiding in the city. The executions took place under a peepul tree in front of the palace, despite Bahadur Shah's protests. The avowed aim of the executioners was to implicate Bahadur Shah in the killings, making it impossible for him to seek any compromise with the British. The administration of the city and its new occupying army was chaotic and troublesome, although it continued to function haphazardly. The Emperor nominated his eldest surviving son, Mirza Mughal, to be commander in chief of his forces, but Mirza Mughal had little military experience and was treated with little respect by the sepoys. Nor did the sepoys agree on any overall commander, with each regiment refusing to accept orders from any but their own officers. Although Mirza Mughal made efforts to put the civil administration in order, his writ extended no further than the city. Outside, Gujjar herders began levying their own tolls on traffic, and it became increasingly difficult to feed the city.

When the victory of the British became certain, Bahadur Shah took refuge at Humayun's Tomb, in an area that was then at the outskirts of Delhi, and hid there. Company forces led by Major William Hodson surrounded the tomb and compelled his surrender on 20 September 1857. The next day Hodson shot his sons Mirza Mughal, Mirza Khizr Sultan, and grandson Mirza Abu Bakr under his own authority at the Khooni Darwaza (the bloody gate) near Delhi Gate. On hearing the news Bahadur Shah reacted with shocked silence while his wife Zeenat Mahal was content as she believed her son was now Bahadur Shah's heir.Many male members of his family were killed by Company forces, who imprisoned or exiled the surviving members of the Mughal dynasty. Bahadur Shah was tried on four counts, two of aiding rebels, one of treason, and being party to the murder of 49 people,^[14] and after a forty day trial found guilty on all charges. Respecting Hodson's guarantee on his surrender Bahadur Shah was not sentenced but exiled to Rangoon, Burma in 1858. He was accompanied into exile by his wife Zeenat Mahal and some of the remaining members of the family. His departure as Emperor marked the end of more than three centuries of Mughal rule in India.

Bahadur Shah died in exile on 7 November 1862 in Rangoon, (now Yangon). He was buried in Yangon's Dagon Township near the Shwedagon Pagoda, at the site that later became known as Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah.^[15][16] At the time of his hurried burial in 1862, a bamboo fence surrounded his grave, which was grown over by grass in the following years, thus the exact spot was lost for nearly a century. In 1991, during a restoration exercise behind the shrine which was till then believed to be that of the Emperor, the original brick-lined grave was discovered. To the local Myanmar Muslims, he was honoured as a saint and a new shrine was built in the coming years^[17][18] His wife Zeenat Mahal, who died in 1886 and granddaughter Raunaq Zamani are buried alongside him. In a marble enclosure adjoining the dargah of Sufi saint, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki at Mehrauli, an empty grave or Sardgah marks the site where he had willed to be buried along with some of his Mughal predecessors, Akbar Shah II, Bahadur Shah I (also known as Shah Alam I) and Shah Alam II.

In 1959, the All India Bahadur Shah Zafar Academy was founded expressly to spread awareness of his contribution to the first major anti-British movement in India. Several movies in Hindi or Urdu have depicted his role during the rebellion of 1857. Roads bearing his name are found in New Delhi, Lahore, Varanasi, and other cities. A statue of Bahadur Shah Zafar has been erected at the Vijayanagaram palace in Varanasi. In Bangladesh, the Victoria Park in old Dhaka has been renamed "Bahadur Shah Zafar Park". And in several Pakistani cities, avenues, roads, shopping centres, and other landmarks carry the name of the last Mughal emperor.

Bahadur Shah Zafar is known to have had four wives. His wives were:

Begum Ashraf Mahal

Begum Akhtar Mahal

Begum Zeenat Mahal

Begum Taj Mahal

His legitimate sons include:

Mirza Dara Bakht Miran Shah

Mirza Shah Rukh

Mirza Fath-ul-Mulk Bahadur (alias Mirza Fakhru)

Mirza Mughal

Mirza Khazr Sultan

Jawan Bakht

Mirza Quaish

Mirza Shah Abbas

His legitimate daughters include:

Rabeya Begum

Begum Fatima Sultan

Kulsum Zamani Begum

Raunaq Zamani Begum (possibly a granddaughter)

Prince Fakhr-ud Din Mirza, eldest son of Bahadur Shah II, February 1856. (d. 10th July 1856).

Most of his sons and grandsons were killed during or in the aftermath of the rebellion of 1857. Of those who survived, the following five lines of descent are known.

Delhi line—son: Mirza Fath-ul-Mulk Bahadur (alias Mirza Fakhru); grandson: Mirza Farkhunda Jamal; great-grandchildren: Ahmad Shah, Hamid Shah and Begum Qamar Sultan; Children of Ahmad Shah: Farrukh Mirza, Nadir Mirza, Mirza Taimur, Akbar Shah, Mohammad Shah Temuri; eldest of daughters, Chunni Appa (Nick Name, real name Ismat Temuri,a great artist,died on 23 June 2010 at Al Ain UAE was married to Nurul Hasan Ansari (died in Al Ain on 5 Feb 2005). Chunni Apa's (Ismat Temuri) four sons Flt. Lt. (Shaheed)Jamal, died in an air crash near Karachi on 6 Feb,1973), Dr Tariq works in Al Ain, UAE, Bilal in Canada & Nadeem in U.K.); Munni Appa (Nick Name,actual name Ishrat Temuri, resides in Irvine, California, USA, with her son Safi Qureshy, Founder of AST computers; Sarwat Temuri, died in 1996 in Murree, Pakistan and Hashmat Temuri who lives with her son Dr. Faraz in Iowa, USA; Children of Farrukh Mirza: Parvez Mirza, Javed Mirza, Mulahat Mirza, Zahid Mirza, Shahid Mirza; Children of Mohammad Shah temuri: Mirza Babar Shah Temuri, Mirza Birjees Shah Temuri, Sabahat Temuri, Mirza Zafar Shah Temuri, Saira temuri and Mirza Azfar Shah Temuri. Children of Mirza Zafar Shah Temuri: Hoor Temuri, Zuhaab Mirza Temuri, Harris Mirza Temuri. Children of Mirza Azfar Shah Temuri: Eshaal Temuri. Children of Mirza Babar Shah Temuri: Jhangir Temuri, Hamza Temuri, Reja Temuri.

Delhi line-daughter: Rabeya Begum married to Mustafa Khan; grandson: Mohammad Mustafa Khan; great-grandchildren: Mohammad Raza Khan (married to Irshad Begum), Asaf Ali; great-great grandchildren: Ahmed Raza Khan (married Ameena Khatoon), Pervez Raza Khan, Roksana Siddiqui, Shahana Qadri, and Shaheen Raza Khan; great-great-great grandchildren: Amjad Raza Khan, Aneela Shermeen Ahmed, Joelle Leigh Khan, Moeena Khan, Umar Khan, Abu Baker Khan, Saira Siddiqui, Aisha Siddiqui, Bilal Siddiqui, Humera Qadri, Wali Qadri, Sarah Qadri, Ummehaany Jameel, and Haseeb Jameel. All of whom now reside in Detroit Michigan U.S.A. Howrah line—son: Jawan Bakht, grandson: Jamshid Bakht, great-grandson: Mirza Muhammad Bedar Bakht (married Sultana Begum). Madhu Begum daughter of Mirza Muhammad Bedar Bakht married Sultana Begum.

Varanasi line -- [Shah Alam Ameer of Delhi, Son: Mirza Jahaandar Shah Alais Mirza Khan Bakht (Married - Jahanbaad Begum)], [Ali Gohar Mirza Ali Bahadur had five sons], Mirza Kazim Bakht married Birjis Ara Begum, Son: Mirza Yousuf Bakht married Hasina Sultan Begum, Grandson: Mirza Zaheeruddin Alim Bakht married Khurshid Laqah Begum (had five sons - two daughters), Great Grandson: Mirza Daud Bakht married Fakhre Ara Kaniz Mehndi Begum (D/O. Late Mobarrak Bakht Mirza Illyas Hussain Bahadur, grandson of late king of Oudh - Wife: Sultan Bano Mehndi Begum (In Kolkata). Hyderabad line—son: Mirza Quaish, grandson: Mirza Abdullah, great-grandson: Mirza Pyare (married Habib Begum), great-great-granddaughter: Begum Laila Ummahani (married Moinuddin Tucy). Descendants of Mughal rulers other than Bahadur Shah Zafar also survive to this day. They include the line of Jalaluddin Mirza in Bengal, who served at the court of the Maharaja of Dighapatia, and the Toluqari family.

This page includes a list of links to my electronic publication Books and Articles that you will enjoy a lot.

Urdu language and literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language, Urdu, in which it is written. While it tends to be heavily dominated by poetry, the range of expression achieved in the voluminous library of a few major verse forms, especially the Ghazal and Nazm (poetry), has led to its continued development and expansion into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or Afsana. Urdu literature is principally popular in India and Pakistan. Additionally, it enjoys substantial popularity among South Asian immigrants in North America, Europe and Middle East and usually around the world. It is widely understood in Afghanistan. Urdu is finding interest in North American, European and South Pacific Asian countries primarily through South Asian immigrants.

in the light of my scholarship skill always I am trying to explore  my knowledge and spreading it through teaching and learning with the vision “Protection and promotion of aesthetical and cultural values of Urdu Language, Literature and its historical consciousness” and with the mission “to develop it as a combination of archives, museum, library, cultural research institution and wishes to be perceived as an authority in Urdu Language, Literature & Culture both in terms of collection and conservation”.

Full time I am entail in teaching, learning and writing  I have written lot of articles which are based on Urdu language and literature but approaches are interdisciplinary (few articles and books) Electronic Publications link are given below I will be happy if you will made a rational comment.

http://www.urdusukhan.com/2012/08/dr-syed-muhammad-yahya-saba-article-%d8%af%db%81%d9%84%db%8c-%da%a9%db%8c-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%86%d9%88%db%8c%d8%a7%da%ba/

http://www.jadeedadab.com/taza_shumara/index.php?page=209

http://www.jadeedadab.com/taza_shumara/index.php

http://www.urduhamasr.dk/articles/story.php?code=20111119125814

http://www.urdusukhan.com/2012/06/

http://www.urdusukhan.com/2011/09/

http://www.urdusukhan.com/2011/08/

http://www.urdusukhan.com/2011/06/

http://www.urdusukhan.com/2011/05/

http://www.urdusukhan.com/?s=dr.+md.+yahya+saba+dept.+of+urdu+kirori+mal+college+university+of+delhi

http://www.urdusukhan.com/2011/10/bazm-e-adab-karori-mal-college-%da%a9%d8%b1%d9%88%da%91%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%84-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac-%da%a9%db%92-%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%a8%db%81-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%88-%d9%85%db%8c%da%ba-%d9%86%d9%88/

http://www.sherosokhan.com/id1411.html

http://www.sherosokhan.com/id1412.html

http://www.sherosokhan.com/id1276.html

http://www.sherosokhan.com/id1278.html

http://www.urdurisala.com/urdu-articles/syed-mohammad-yahya-saba/qomi-shaoor-kay-farogh-mein-adab-ka-kirdaar/

http://www.urdudost.com/kainaat/71_jan12/kainaat.html

Five Electronic Publication (05 Books)

http://kitaben.urdulibrary.org/Pages/UrduNovel.html

http://kitaben.urdulibrary.org/Pages/AghaShair.html

http://kitaben.urdulibrary.org/Pages/SheroFasana.html

http://kitaben.urdulibrary.org/Pages/AdabiTajziyat.html

ادبی تجزیات۔ محمد یحیٰ صبا۔ ادب۔ تنقید و تحقیق

http://kitaben.urdulibrary.org/Pages/Meerajee.html

 میرا جی۔ محمد یحیٰ صبا۔ ادب۔ تنقید و تحقیق

برقی کتابیں

http://samt.heroku.com/

Preamble of India

I, Mohd. Yahya Saba, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign socialist secular democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens: justice, social, economic and political; liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation; in our constituent assembly this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this constitution. Purpose of having a preamble: the preamble to our constitution serves two purposes first It indicates the source from which the Constitution derives its authority second It also states the objects, which the Constitution seeks to establish and promote.

I, (Dr. Syed Mohd. Yahya. Saba), do swear / solemnly affirm in the name of God that I will faithfully full-fill the duty of Teacher and Teach the Urdu of B.A.(H) 3^rd & 2^nd Year  of the Dept. of Urdu, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Deli-110007 and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and promote the Teaching and Learning process for which day by day our institutions academic culture will stored, and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the students of this internationally fame college.

With best regards and  thanking you in anticipation of a positive response from your side.

Yours sincerely

Dr. Syed Mohd. Yahya. Saba

Dept. of Urdu

Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007

E-mail: urisath@yahoo.com 
http://people.du.ac.in/~mysaba/http://penforpeace.blogspot.in/

Mob: No: 09968244001

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